The short answer

What it reportsEarnings from qualified tuition programs and Coverdell ESAs.
Amounts to reportAll amounts
To the recipientJanuary 31
To the IRS, on paperFebruary 28
To the IRS, electronicallyMarch 31

If one arrives

Not taxable when it goes to qualified education expenses. The form reports the distribution regardless; matching it to expenses is your record.

The form is how a payer tells the IRS what it paid. Its absence is not permission — income you received is reportable whether or not a form covers it, and a threshold decides only who must file, never what you owe.

This page is for educational purposes only and does not constitute tax, legal, or financial advice. It covers United States federal reporting. Consult a qualified tax professional about your situation.

Official sources