The short answer

What it reportsCancellation of a debt owed to a financial institution, the federal government, a credit union, RTC, FDIC, NCUA, a military department, the U.S. Postal Service, the Postal Rate Commission, or any organization having a significant trade or business of lending money.
Amounts to report$600 or more
To the recipientJanuary 31
To the IRS, on paperFebruary 28
To the IRS, electronicallyMarch 31

If one arrives

Cancelled debt is generally income, but there are exclusions — insolvency and bankruptcy among them — claimed on Form 982. Do not assume the full amount is taxable.

The form is how a payer tells the IRS what it paid. Its absence is not permission — income you received is reportable whether or not a form covers it, and a threshold decides only who must file, never what you owe.

This page is for educational purposes only and does not constitute tax, legal, or financial advice. It covers United States federal reporting. Consult a qualified tax professional about your situation.

Official sources